California: The Art of Water

California: The Art of Water

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Hetch Hetchy Reservoir

Hetch Hetchy Valley was once considered as magnificent as Yosemite Valley which makes one question why the state of California started the process of damming it up in 1908. In 1934, after 20 years of construction and countless attempts to stop it, the first water from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir arrived in San Francisco to a crowd of 20,000 people. While today it provides water to the San Francisco Bay Area and acts as a recreational area, there are still groups fighting to restore the valley to its previous splendor.

California Aqueduct

Hetch Hetchy Valley was once considered as magnificent as Yosemite Valley which makes one question why the state of California started the process of damming it up in 1908. In 1934, after 20 years of construction and countless attempts to stop it, the first water from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir arrived in San Francisco to a crowd of 20,000 people. While today it provides water to the San Francisco Bay Area and acts as a recreational area, there are still groups fighting to restore the valley to its previous splendor.

Shasta Lake and Dam

Envisioned as early as 1919 as an effort to conserve, control, store, and distribute water to the Central Valley, California's main agricultural region, Shasta was first authorized in the 1930s as a state undertaking. However, bonds did not sell due to the onset of the Great Depression and Shasta was transferred to the federal Bureau of Reclamation as a public works project. Construction started in earnest in 1937 under the supervision of Chief Engineer Frank Crowe. During its building, the dam provided thousands of much-needed jobs; it was finished twenty-six months ahead of schedule in 1945. When completed, the dam was the second-tallest in the United States after Hoover, and was considered one of the greatest engineering feats of all time.

Mono Lake

Mono Lake is a large, shallow saline soda lake in Mono County, California, formed at least 760,000 years ago as a terminal lake in an endorheic basin. The lack of an outlet causes high levels of salts to accumulate in the lake. These salts also make the lake water alkaline.

The human history of Mono Lake is associated with its productive ecosystem. The native Kutzadika'a people derived nutrition from the pupae of the alkali flies that live in the lake. When the city of Los Angeles diverted water from the lake, it lowered the lake level, which imperiled the migratory birds. The Mono Lake Committee formed in response and won a legal battle that forced Los Angeles to partially restore the lake level.